Antimicrobial and Antibacterial Agents

Antimicrobiology in Epidemiology

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious healthcare problem, with high resistance rates of most common bacteria to clinically important antimicrobial agents. Resistance has emerged to even the newer, almost potent antimicrobial agents. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii represent more than 50% of microbial isolates. Furthermore, bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides and third-generation cephalosporins is of serious concern. The molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of the antimicrobial strains exhibited regional specificity, as well as the influence of dissemination of international clonal complexes.